Heat cramps are painful spasms or jerks of the muscles. They usually occur while performing exercise. Heat cramps may also occur when working in a heated environment. These cramps are brief and last for a very short duration of time. In some cases, they may occur after a few hours. The muscles that are most prone to heat cramps include those of the shoulders, abdomen, thighs and calves. These are the muscles that are mostly involved in heavy work.
Heat cramps are more likely to occur while performing an activity that one is not used to. Those who sweat excessively while performing exercise may also suffer from heat cramps. Inadequate intake of water or fluids may also lead to heat cramps. The exact cause of this condition is not known for certain. However it is believed to be associated with electrolyte imbalances in the body. Electrolytes refer to essential minerals such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium. They are involved in many functions of the body and imbalances in electrolyte levels could lead to various problems. Sweat is composed of large amounts of sodium and when an individual sweats a great deal, the sodium levels in the body are drastically reduced. This is why it is necessary to consume fluids with sodium content in them, especially when heavy physical activity is done. Heat cramps symptoms include muscle spasms and pain. These spasms are involuntary and last for a brief period of time. They may also come and go and usually disappear on their own. In case the symptoms persist, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Immediate medical assistance is necessary when there is poor intake of fluids due to nausea and vomiting. In such cases, the individual may need to be given saline intravenously. One also needs to see a doctor immediately if symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, breathlessness and high fever occurs.
Heat cramps first aid involves cooling down the body by stopping the activity and resting. The affected muscle may also be massaged gently for effective heat cramp treatment. Intake of salt is necessary and an electrolyte rich solution must be consumed for heat cramp treatment. There are many commercially available sports drinks that supply adequate dietary salt to the body. One can also consume a saline solution made by adding a teaspoon of salt to a quart of water. Those who work in a hot environment may be prone to experiencing heat cramps initially. This can be avoided by ensuring sufficient salt fluid replacement. In case neither of the heat cramp treatments seem to be working, it is necessary to visit the doctor.
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