Torticollis is characterized by a twisting of the neck to one side. This may occur gradually due to hereditary factors. It could also occur suddenly as a result of trauma or injury. In some cases, torticollis may also occur as a reaction to certain medications. Torticollis that is associated with a family history is known as spasmodic torticollis. Initially the neck starts twisting spasmodically and if left untreated, it can become permanent. The condition usually begins between the ages of 31 and 50 years. Acute torticollis develops when the neck is twisted excessively. When this happens, the individual is likely to keep the head straight or bent to one side due to discomfort. Moving the neck towards the opposite side may lead to severe pain. The neck muscles on the affected side may also become tender and painful. In such cases, a medical examination is necessary to examine motor and nerve function so that spinal cord injury may be ruled out.
The causes of torticollis could also include abuse of drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and certain prescription drugs. These drugs may lead to a lack of muscle control or dystonia. This condition is characterized by sudden involuntary movements of the facial, neck and back muscles. A deviation of the eyes and tongue protrusion may also occur. Acute torticollis is not usually a serious condition. However it is advisable to consult a doctor if there is muscle pain and stiffness. Neck injuries must be attended to early. There are certain symptoms which may occur along with torticollis. These may be associated to problems in the central nervous system and hence must be examined immediately. Such symptoms of torticollis include weakness in the limbs, swallowing difficulties, breathing trouble, a tingling sensation in the limbs, speech impairment and difficulty while walking.
Treatment for torticollis is aimed at relaxing the affected neck muscles. Treatment for torticollis may include medication, physiotherapy or surgery. Most individuals with torticollis recover in a matter of a few weeks. Some may continue to experience neck problems for years. Torticollis exercises such as stretching of the neck muscles are effective in providing relief from symptoms. Heat compresses and massage may also be done as part of treatment for torticollis to alleviate discomfort. Muscle spasms may be eased by wearing a neck brace. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the contracted neck muscle. This is done only when other treatment methods are unsuccessful. Torticollis is easier to treat in children.
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